Caracterização mecânica e estrutural da zircônia ultra translúcida infiltrada por vidro e sobrevivência após cimentação adesiva / Mechanical and structural characterization of ultra-translucent glassinfiltrated zirconia and survival after adhesive cementation

O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver um vidro que fosse termicamente compatível ao ser infiltrado em uma zircônia parcialmente estabilizada por óxido de ítrio (5YPSZ), caracterizá-los e testá-los sob fadiga. Foram confeccionados discos de zircônia (5Y-PSZ) (N=140) dimensões 1,2x12mm e NEMA G-10 (N= 60) dimensões de 2,5x12mm que foram polidos com lixas de carbeto de silício numa politriz. Os discos de zircônia foram aleatoriamente distribuídos a fim de compor as duas partes do trabalho. A "Parte A" tratou da caracterização feita através dos grupos: Zpr (n=30) zircônia apenas sinterizada, Zinfoc (n=30) vidro aplicado na superfície oclusal e Zinfcim (n=30) vidro aplicado na superfície de cimentação. Foram testados através do ensaio de flexão biaxial (ISO 6872:2015) e as fraturas avaliadas via Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV), Difratometria de Raios X (DRX) e Análise de Weibull. A parte B testou, via step-stress, modelos simplificados de restauração, grupos: Kctrl (controle -, n=15), Kglz (controle +, n=15), Kinfoc (infiltração na superfície "oclusal" n=15) e Kinfcim (infiltração na superfície de "cimentação", n=15). O tratamento de superfície da zircônia foi realizado com jateamento com partículas de óxido de alumínio com exceção do grupo Kinfcim que foi condicionado com ácido fluorídrico 40%, os discos de NEMA G10 foram condicionados com ácido fluorídrico 10%. Os grupos da parte B foram cimentados com cimento resinoso de cura dual e fotopolimerizados com diodo emissor de luz. Os espécimes foram avaliados via Transiluminação Obliqua, Estereomicroscopio e MEV. O grupo Zinfcim apresentou resistência característica de 824 MPa e m=9,9; Zinfoc 613 MPa e m=10,2; Zpr 534 MPa e m=8; todos os grupos diferiram estatisticamente em suas resistências características (σÏ´), entretanto foram semelhantes na homogeneidade estrutural (m). A DRX apresentou de 20-50 microns de infiltração, houve dissolução de parte do ítrio e redução de tamanho dos grãos cúbicos, além do grupo Zinfcim apresentar origem de falha no interior do material. O grupo Kctrl apresentou carga para falha em fadiga de 933 N, seguido do Kglz com 1080 N, Kinfoc com 1053 N e Kinfcim 1380 N, este diferiu estatisticamente dos demais grupos e apresentou origem da fratura no interior do material. O vidro desenvolvido foi capaz de ser infiltrado em uma zircônia de terceira geração, gerou maior confiabilidade estrutural e aumentou a resistência característica pela alteração do modo de falha e foi responsável pelo aumento de carga e ciclos para falha dos grupos infiltrados, sendo seu uso recomendado de forma gradada (AU)

The aim of this study was to develop a glass that was thermally compatible when infiltrated into a zirconia partially stabilized by yttrium oxide (5Y-PSZ), to characterize it and to test it under fatigue. Zirconia discs (5Y-PSZ) (N=140) dimensions 1.2x12mm and NEMA G-10 (N=60) dimensions of 2.5x12mm were made, which were polished with silicon carbide sandpaper in a polisher. The zirconia discs were randomly distributed in order to compose the two parts of the work. "Part A" dealt with the characterization made through the groups: Zpr (n=30) zirconia only sintered, Zinfoc (n=30) glass applied to the occlusal surface and Zinfcim (n=30) glass applied to the cementation surface. They were tested using the biaxial bending test (ISO 6872:2015) and the fractures evaluated using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffractometry (XRD) and Weibull Analysis. Part B tested, via step-stress, simplified restoration models, groups: Kctrl (control -, n=15), Kglz (control +, n=15), Kinfoc (infiltration in the "occlusal" surface n=15) and Kinfcim (infiltration on the "cementing" surface, n=15). The surface treatment of the zirconia was carried out by sandblasting with aluminum oxide particles, with the exception of the Kinfcim group which was conditioned with 40% hydrofluoric acid, the NEMA G10 discs were conditioned with 10% hydrofluoric acid. The groups in part B were cemented with dual-curing resin cement and light-cured with light-emitting diode. Specimens were evaluated via Oblique Transillumination, Stereomicroscope and SEM. The Zinfcim group showed a characteristic strength of 824 MPa and m=9.9; Zinfoc 613 MPa and m=10.2; Zpr 534 MPa and m=8; all groups differed statistically in their characteristic strengths (σÏ´), however they were similar in structural homogeneity (m). The XRD showed 20-50 microns of infiltration, there was dissolution of part of the yttrium and reduction in the size of the cubic grains, in addition to the Zinfcim group presenting an origin of failure within the material. The Kctrl group presented a fatigue failure load of 933 N, followed by Kglz with 1080 N, Kinfoc with 1053 N and Kinfcim 1380 N, this one differed statistically from the other groups and presented the origin of the fracture inside the material. The developed glass was able to be infiltrated in a third generation zirconia, generated greater structural reliability and increased the characteristic resistance by changing the failure mode and was responsible for the increase in load and cycles to failure of the infiltrated groups, being its recommended use of graduated form (AU)

Impact of Acid Concentration and Firing on the Long-term Bond Strength of a Zirconia-Lithium Silicate Ceramic Following Adhesive Cementation.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of different firing stages (without firing, additional crystallization and glaze firings), hydrofluoric acid (HF) concentrations (5% and 10%), and thermocycling on the bond strength between resin cement and a zirconia-lithium silicate (ZLS) ceramic. MATERIALS AND METHODS: ZLS ceramic (Celtra Duo, Dentsply Sirona) blocks were cut into smaller blocks and divided into 12 groups (N = 72), according to the HF concentration used, firing stage, and thermocycling (n = 6). All specimens were silanized (Monobond N, Ivoclar) and cemented with resin cement (Multilink N, Ivoclar) onto blocks of composite resin (Filtek Z250 XT, 3M). The specimens were immersed in distilled water for 24 h. The blocks were cut into sticks and tested immediately or thermocycled for 10,000 cycles in water (5°C-55°C). Microtensile bond strength (µTBS) testing was then performed in a universal testing machine (0.5 mm/min, 50 kgf load cell). The failure modes of the sticks were examined using SEM and classified as adhesive, predominantly adhesive, or cohesive. Fracture surfaces were topographically evaluated using SEM. The 5% and 10% HF groups were analyzed separately and the data submitted to two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (p < 0.05). Additional samples were used for SEM topographic analysis of representative ceramic surfaces. RESULTS: The most frequent types of failure were predominantly adhesive between cement and ceramic and adhesive (cement completely covered the composite). Statistically significant differences were found only for the thermocycling factor (p < 0.05) for both HF concentrations. However, for the 10% HF groups, a marked decrease in µTBS was observed after firing and thermocycling. SEM showed superficial irregularities on ZLS without etching, partial and total dissolution of the vitreous matrix and exposure of the crystals using 5% and 10% HF, respectively. CONCLUSION: The crystallization and glaze firings of ZLS ceramics conditioned with 5% HF promoted bond strength maintenance after thermocycling. Thermocycling decreased the bond strength in all groups, but mainly for fired ZLS conditioned with 10% HF.